自然时效效应及预时效处理对7A20铝合金组织性能的影响

研究了中强度7A20铝合金的自然时效硬化效应及预时效处理对组织和性能的影响。采用光学显微镜和透射电镜表征了其微观组织结构,采用维氏硬度计和万能拉伸试验机测试了其硬度和力学性能。结果表明:固溶态7A20试验铝合金的自然时效硬化效应明显,12天后硬度由56 HV0.5提高到122 HV0.5,提高了117.86%。经120 ℃×10 min预时效处理后,自然时效硬化增量最低,相比于固溶态降低了16 HV0.5,有效抑制自然时效硬化效应;同时,预时效处理提升了烘烤硬化效应,烘烤硬化后屈服强度提升了166 MPa,抗拉强度提高了51 MPa,伸长率降低了7%。烘烤处理前,其晶内的强化主要来自于与基体共格的GP区,烘烤处理后为尺寸小于5 nm、弥散分布的η′强化相。     

强变形工艺对2519A铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过硬度测试、拉伸性能测试、透射电镜观察等分析手段研究了不同强变形工艺下2519A铝合金的力学性能与微观组织。结果表明,经50%的冷轧变形和165 ℃人工时效后,2519A合金的力学性能明显提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为522 MPa、468 MPa和8.5%。而在冷变形前添加165 ℃×2 h预时效处理,合金的力学性能进一步提高,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到535 MPa、497 MPa和8%。预时效处理可以提高合金中θ′相的密度,使析出相分布更加均匀,有助于提高合金的力学性能。     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压态的组织和力学性能

研究了利用喷射成形辅以挤压制备Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu合金后优化的组织结构特征和力学性能。结果表明,合金基体组织均匀细化,晶粒形貌趋于圆整,平均晶粒大小达到10 μm左右。当合金的冷却条件通过快速凝固技术改变时,会产生不同程度的固溶强化效果和第二相弥散强化效果,从而改善了合金的整体性能。合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别平均提高了20%左右,且伸长率也略有提高。     

电压对微弧氧化膜抑制7050铝合金氢脆敏感性的影响

为进一步探究微弧氧化膜和7050铝合金的氢脆敏感性之间的关系,采用了湿空气中的慢应变速率拉伸、拉伸断口形貌分析、微弧氧化试样表面形貌分析及氢含量测试等表征手段,验证了微弧氧化膜抑制7050铝合金在湿空气中发生氢脆的机制。结果表明,不同微弧氧化电压下制备的膜层对7050铝合金具有不同的抑制氢脆效果,抑制机制主要由膜阻氢进入试样和膜致附加压应力两个方面组成。     

铝电解预焙阳极脱落原因分析及对策

国内某电解铝企业电解槽频繁出现脱极现象,脱极率一度达到5%,造成原铝9970率大幅下降,阳极毛耗、氟盐单耗上升,电流效率下降,生产经营指标严重下滑。本文从残极炭碗状况、残极高度、磷铁环状况、磷铁成分、铁炭压降等几个方面进行观测,并对这些现象与脱极之间存在的因果关系进行分析,制定对策加以改进,最后得以扭转。     

Investigation on low-temperature sintered AlN nanoceramics with high thermal conductivity

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sintering additive and relatively low-sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride nanoceramic. While using nanosized AlN powder and liquid-phase sintering additives, the various sintering processes were performed at temperatures 1400 and 1500°C for several hours. In the analysis methods, thermal conductivity (K) and thermal diffusivity (α) were measured using thermal conductivity analyzer (Hot Disk), scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the surface morphology of the microstructure, x-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) to analyze the grain size and crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy (Raman) emission spectrum was analyzed to identify the material microstructure and the densities of AlN specimens were measured by Archimedes method. It was found that the thermal conductivity is related to the densification of nanosize low-temperature sintered material, which can be controlled by additives and sintering temperature. With Y₂O₃ sintering add, the densification of AlN for low-temperature sintering increased by the factor of ～5% to ～12%, and the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 25%. The relative density observed in this research is about 78%-84%, and the thermal conductivity measured is in the range of 9-14 W/mK.     

6061铝合金均匀化过程中AlMnSi弥散颗粒的析出尺寸对再结晶行为的影响

利用力学性能测试、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱分析技术等手段研究了均匀化过程中AlMnSi弥散颗粒的析出尺寸对6061铝合金再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:AlMnSi弥散颗粒在均匀化过程中沿着铝基体[001]晶带轴析出长大,晶体结构为体心立方结构。随着均匀化温度的升高,弥散颗粒的析出尺寸逐渐增大,当AlMnSi弥散颗粒平均尺寸由0.07 μm增长到0.42 μm,最大尺寸由0.21 μm增大到1.12 μm时,力学性能则是先升高后降低。6061铝合金T6态组织仍为变形组织;AlMnSi弥散颗粒尺寸增大到1.12 μm,6061合金T6态组织中出现粗大再结晶,力学性能急剧降低。     

An evaluation of Acacia mearnsii tannin as an aluminum corrosion inhibitor in acid,alkaline, and neutral media

The electrochemical behavior of aluminum in tannin from Acacia mearnsii bark was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in media under three different pH conditions: acid, alkaline, and neutral. A relationship among pH, polymerization grade (PG), zeta potential, surface, and electrochemical properties was observed in the inhibition performance of the tannin. At high pH, the oligomer structure of the tannin was affected, resulting in a low PG (4) and high zeta potential (−75 mV), and consequently, the inhibition efficiency decreased (68%) in comparison with that in acid (99%) and neutral media (96%). The values obtained indicate a physisorption mechanism for the aluminum corrosion inhibition in the studied conditions.